🚜ap human geography review

key term - ETA

Definition

ETA stands for Euskadi Ta Askatasuna, a Basque nationalist and separatist organization founded in 1959 that aimed to promote Basque independence from Spain and France. The group became known for its use of violent tactics, including bombings and assassinations, to achieve its political goals, which were rooted in a desire for self-determination and cultural preservation of the Basque people.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

  1. ETA was founded in the context of Franco's dictatorship in Spain, during a time when the Basque language and culture were repressed.
  2. The organization officially declared a ceasefire in 2011, signaling an end to its campaign of violence after decades of conflict.
  3. ETA's tactics included bombings in urban areas, assassinations of political figures, and extortion from businesses to fund their activities.
  4. Despite its violent history, ETA garnered support from segments of the Basque population who felt marginalized and sought greater autonomy.
  5. The legacy of ETA's actions has left a complex impact on Spanish society and politics, influencing debates on nationalism, regional autonomy, and reconciliation efforts.

Review Questions

  • How did ETA's formation reflect the political climate in Spain during the late 20th century?
    • ETA was established during Franco's oppressive regime, which stifled Basque culture and language. This created a breeding ground for resentment among the Basque people, leading to the formation of ETA as a response to their struggle for identity and self-determination. The organization's violent tactics emerged as a way to challenge the state's authority and demand recognition of Basque rights.
  • Discuss the impact of ETA's activities on Spanish national politics and regional autonomy movements.
    • ETA's violent campaign significantly shaped Spanish politics by bringing attention to the issues of nationalism and regional autonomy. While many in Spain viewed ETA as a terrorist organization that threatened national unity, their actions also sparked discussions about the rights of regional groups like the Basques. This duality influenced how the Spanish government approached autonomy agreements and negotiations with various regions seeking greater self-governance.
  • Evaluate the consequences of ETA's cessation of violence on Basque society and politics in Spain.
    • The end of ETA's violence marked a transformative moment for Basque society, allowing for greater political dialogue and reconciliation efforts. It paved the way for renewed focus on peaceful political activism and increased demands for autonomy within a democratic framework. However, it also left lingering tensions among various factions in Basque society regarding the legacy of violence and how to address historical grievances while moving forward.

"ETA" also found in: