🚜ap human geography review

key term - Crop

Definition

A crop is a cultivated plant grown for food, fiber, or other economic purposes. The cultivation of crops is central to agriculture and plays a vital role in human civilization, providing sustenance, raw materials, and contributing to trade and economy. Different types of crops have been developed and adapted to various climates and soils, influencing agricultural practices and land use throughout history.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

  1. The domestication of crops began around 10,000 years ago during the Neolithic Revolution, marking a significant shift from nomadic lifestyles to settled agricultural societies.
  2. Crops can be categorized into two main types: food crops (such as wheat and rice) that are grown for human consumption and cash crops (like cotton and tobacco) that are produced for sale in markets.
  3. The Green Revolution introduced high-yielding varieties of crops, improved irrigation techniques, and the use of fertilizers and pesticides, significantly increasing food production in developing countries.
  4. Crops play a crucial role in the Von Thunen Model, which explains how land use is organized around a central market based on transportation costs and the perishability of products.
  5. Climate change poses challenges to crop production by affecting growing seasons, crop yields, and increasing the prevalence of pests and diseases that threaten agricultural output.

Review Questions

  • How did the domestication of crops influence societal structures during early agricultural societies?
    • The domestication of crops allowed early agricultural societies to settle in one place, leading to the development of permanent communities. This shift facilitated population growth, the establishment of social hierarchies, and increased trade as surplus crops could be stored or exchanged. As societies became more dependent on specific crops, they also developed agricultural techniques that influenced their culture, economy, and land management practices.
  • Discuss the impact of the Green Revolution on global agriculture and food security.
    • The Green Revolution significantly transformed global agriculture by introducing high-yielding crop varieties, advanced irrigation methods, and synthetic fertilizers. This led to dramatic increases in crop production, especially in developing countries like India and Mexico, which helped alleviate hunger and improve food security. However, the reliance on chemical inputs and monoculture practices raised concerns about environmental sustainability, soil degradation, and socioeconomic disparities among farmers.
  • Evaluate how the Von Thunen Model helps us understand land use patterns related to crop production near urban centers.
    • The Von Thunen Model provides a framework for understanding how different crops are grown at varying distances from urban markets based on transportation costs and product perishability. For example, highly perishable items like vegetables are typically grown closer to cities to minimize spoilage, while less perishable goods like grains can be cultivated further away. This model illustrates the economic rationale behind land use decisions made by farmers as they balance proximity to markets with the cost of land and transportation.