Partisan polarization: Partisan polarization describes when political parties become sharply divided along ideological lines, resulting in extreme viewpoints dominating political discourse.
Radicalism: Radicalism refers to beliefs or actions advocating for significant societal change through drastic measures rather than incremental reforms.
Echo chamber effect: The echo chamber effect occurs when individuals only consume information that aligns with their pre-existing beliefs, reinforcing extreme viewpoints without exposure to alternative perspectives.