Expanding presidential power

Definition

Expanding presidential power refers to the growth and increase in the authority and influence of the president of the United States over time. This trend often results from historical events, legislation, and evolving interpretations of the Constitution, leading to a more active role for the executive branch in governance. As various presidents have faced unique challenges, they have utilized their powers in ways that sometimes stretch traditional limits, reshaping the balance between the branches of government.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The expansion of presidential power has often occurred during times of crisis, such as wars or economic downturns, where decisive action is deemed necessary.
2. Key legislation like the War Powers Resolution attempts to check presidential authority by requiring congressional approval for military engagements lasting more than 60 days.
3. Supreme Court decisions have played a significant role in defining and sometimes expanding presidential power by interpreting the Constitution's allowances for executive authority.
4. The concept of 'executive privilege' allows presidents to withhold information from Congress and the public, further increasing the executive's control over governmental processes.
5. Public perception and approval ratings can influence how presidents exercise their power, as they may feel compelled to act decisively to maintain support.

Review Questions

• How has historical context influenced the expansion of presidential power in the United States?
  • Historical context has played a vital role in expanding presidential power as presidents respond to crises like wars, economic downturns, or civil unrest. For instance, during World War II, President Franklin D. Roosevelt utilized executive orders to mobilize the economy and military without waiting for Congress. These situations create urgency that can lead to a shift in how power is exercised, often granting the president broader authority temporarily or permanently.
• In what ways do checks and balances interact with expanding presidential power, and how effective are they?
  • Checks and balances serve as a mechanism to prevent any single branch of government, including the presidency, from becoming too powerful. While Congress can limit presidential actions through legislation or oversight, presidents may circumvent these checks by using executive orders or asserting executive privilege. However, legislative efforts such as the War Powers Resolution attempt to maintain balance by requiring congressional approval for military actions, illustrating that while checks exist, they can be challenged and at times rendered ineffective.
• Evaluate the implications of an imperial presidency on American democracy and governance.
  • An imperial presidency poses significant implications for American democracy as it challenges the foundational principle of separation of powers. When presidents operate beyond constitutional limits, it can lead to diminished congressional authority and reduced accountability. This concentration of power can erode democratic norms and citizen trust in government institutions. Moreover, it raises concerns about future presidents potentially expanding their powers even further, thus altering the nature of governance in a way that may conflict with democratic ideals.

Related terms

Executive Orders:

Directive issued by the president to manage the operations of the federal government without needing Congressional approval.

Checks and Balances:

A fundamental principle of the U.S. government that ensures no one branch becomes too powerful by allowing each branch to limit the powers of the others.

Imperial Presidency:

A term used to describe a presidency that is characterized by greater executive power than is constitutionally allowed or intended, often at the expense of Congress.