The renovation of Paris refers to the vast public works program commissioned by Emperor Napoleon III and directed by his prefect of Seine, Georges-Eugene Haussmann between 1853-1870. It included building wide boulevards, squares, parks, new sewers, fountains and bridges across the entire city.
Imagine you're playing a game like SimCity or Minecraft where you have total control over designing your own world. That's kind of what it was like for Napoleon III and Haussman when they renovated Paris - they had the power to completely reshape the city!
Baron Hausmmann’s Boulevard: Wide avenues built during the renovation that replaced narrow streets to control traffic flow better.
Second Empire: The Imperial Bonapartist regime of Napoleon III from 1852 to 1870, during which the renovation took place.
Gentrification: The process of renovating and improving a house or district so that it conforms to middle-class taste. This is essentially what happened in Paris under Haussmann's plan.
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