Nazi and Soviet Non-Aggression Pact

Definition

The Nazi and Soviet Non-Aggression Pact was a treaty signed on August 23, 1939, between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union in which both parties pledged not to attack each other and to remain neutral if the other became involved in conflict. This agreement allowed Hitler to invade Poland without fear of Soviet intervention, thus igniting World War II. The pact included secret protocols that divided Eastern Europe into spheres of influence, fundamentally altering the political landscape of Europe during the interwar period.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The pact was surprising as it was an agreement between two ideologically opposed regimes: fascist Germany and communist Soviet Union.
2. It provided Hitler with the confidence to launch his invasion of Poland on September 1, 1939, leading to the start of World War II.
3. The secret protocols allowed for the division of territories such as Poland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Finland between Germany and the Soviet Union.
4. The treaty remained in effect until June 22, 1941, when Germany violated it by launching Operation Barbarossa, invading the Soviet Union.
5. The pact demonstrated the strategic maneuvering of both powers to secure their interests at the expense of Eastern European countries, fundamentally reshaping alliances in Europe.

Review Questions

• What were the main terms of the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact, and how did they affect Europe’s political situation at the onset of World War II?
  • The main terms of the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact included a mutual commitment not to attack one another and secret protocols that divided Eastern Europe into spheres of influence. This pact significantly affected Europe’s political situation by allowing Hitler to invade Poland without fearing a Soviet response. The agreement created a temporary alliance between two ideologically opposed regimes and destabilized Eastern European nations that found themselves caught between these powers.
• Analyze how the signing of the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact influenced military strategies employed by Nazi Germany during the early stages of World War II.
  • The signing of the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact had a profound impact on Nazi Germany's military strategies. It allowed Hitler to execute his Blitzkrieg tactics unopposed in Poland, leading to a rapid victory. With the assurance that the Soviet Union would remain neutral, Germany could focus its resources on conquering Western Europe without worrying about a two-front war. This strategic advantage significantly altered the dynamics of early World War II engagements.
• Evaluate the long-term implications of the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact on post-war European borders and political alignments.
  • The long-term implications of the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact were significant for post-war European borders and political alignments. The division of territories between Germany and the Soviet Union led to changes in national boundaries that would be contested in later years. After WWII, many regions that were once under these spheres of influence became battlegrounds for Cold War tensions. The initial cooperation facilitated by the pact set precedents for future conflicts over territory and influence in Eastern Europe.

Related terms

Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact:

Another name for the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact, named after the foreign ministers of the two countries, Vyacheslav Molotov and Joachim von Ribbentrop.

Secret Protocols: Confidential agreements included in the Non-Aggression Pact that outlined the division of Eastern Europe between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union.

Blitzkrieg:

A military strategy used by Nazi Germany characterized by fast-moving and coordinated attacks that emphasized speed and surprise, employed effectively in the invasion of Poland following the pact.