Mary Shelley's "Frankenstein" published

Definition

'Frankenstein,' written by Mary Shelley and published in 1818, is a groundbreaking novel that explores themes of creation, responsibility, and the limits of human ambition. It embodies the ideals of Romanticism by emphasizing individual emotion, the sublime power of nature, and the consequences of pursuing knowledge without moral considerations. The novel reflects the tension between Enlightenment rationality and Romantic emotion, illustrating how unchecked scientific exploration can lead to tragic outcomes.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. 'Frankenstein' is often considered one of the first science fiction novels, blending elements of Gothic horror with philosophical questions about creation and morality.
2. Mary Shelley conceived the idea for 'Frankenstein' during a summer spent with Lord Byron and other literary figures near Lake Geneva, Switzerland.
3. The character of Victor Frankenstein represents the archetype of the 'mad scientist,' whose quest for knowledge leads to dire consequences for himself and those around him.
4. The creature in 'Frankenstein' symbolizes the consequences of isolation and societal rejection, highlighting themes of alienation and longing for acceptance.
5. Shelley's novel challenges the Enlightenment belief in reason as a guiding principle, suggesting that unchecked ambition can result in catastrophic outcomes.

Review Questions

• How does Mary Shelley's 'Frankenstein' embody the key characteristics of Romanticism?
  • 'Frankenstein' reflects Romantic ideals through its emphasis on deep emotion, the power of nature, and individual experience. The novel highlights the conflict between scientific ambition and moral responsibility, showcasing Victor Frankenstein's emotional turmoil as he grapples with his creation. Additionally, the sublime landscapes described throughout the story evoke feelings of awe and fear, aligning with Romanticism's fascination with nature's overwhelming power.
• Discuss how the themes presented in 'Frankenstein' critique Enlightenment principles regarding reason and knowledge.
  • 'Frankenstein' critiques Enlightenment principles by illustrating the dangers of unrestrained scientific pursuit and rationality. Victor Frankenstein's quest to create life showcases an extreme application of reason without consideration for ethical implications. The tragic consequences that follow his actions serve as a warning about the potential for human intellect to lead to destruction when it disregards moral boundaries, positioning Shelley’s work as a counterpoint to Enlightenment optimism about human progress.
• Evaluate the lasting impact of 'Frankenstein' on literature and culture, particularly in relation to themes of creation and responsibility.
  • 'Frankenstein' has had a profound influence on literature and culture, establishing foundational themes around creation and responsibility that resonate through modern storytelling. The novel raises important questions about what it means to be human and the moral obligations tied to scientific discovery. Its portrayal of the creator-creation dynamic has inspired countless adaptations in various media, shaping discussions around ethics in science, technology, and artificial intelligence. As society grapples with these contemporary issues, Shelley's exploration remains relevant, urging us to consider the implications of our own pursuits.

Related terms

Romanticism:

An artistic and intellectual movement that emphasized emotion, nature, and individualism, often as a reaction against the industrial revolution and Enlightenment rationality.

Gothic literature: A genre that combines elements of horror and romance, often featuring supernatural events, dark settings, and complex characters grappling with inner turmoil.

The Sublime: A concept in Romanticism referring to the awe-inspiring beauty and terror found in nature, which evokes deep emotional responses in individuals.