Erasmus' "In Praise of Folly"

Definition

'In Praise of Folly' is a satirical essay written by Desiderius Erasmus in 1509 that critiques the corrupt practices of society, especially within the church and among the educated elite. The work uses the character of Folly to humorously expose human vices, aiming to inspire reform and encourage a more pious and thoughtful approach to faith and learning, reflecting the broader themes of social and political change in 16th-century Europe.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. 'In Praise of Folly' was originally written in Latin and later translated into various languages, contributing significantly to its widespread influence.
2. Erasmus wrote this work during a time when Europe was experiencing significant changes, including rising discontent with church practices and calls for reform.
3. The character of Folly personifies various societal flaws, making it easier for readers to recognize these issues without feeling directly attacked.
4. Erasmus's work laid the groundwork for later reformers by highlighting the need for a more sincere and personal faith rather than mere adherence to dogma.
5. The book reflects the Renaissance ideals of questioning authority and promoting critical thinking, which were pivotal in shaping modern European thought.

Review Questions

• How does Erasmus use satire in 'In Praise of Folly' to comment on the social and religious issues of his time?
  • Erasmus employs satire through the character of Folly to humorously critique the corruption and hypocrisy prevalent in society, particularly within the church. By presenting Folly as a voice that champions ignorance and self-delusion, he encourages readers to reflect on their own behaviors and beliefs. This approach not only entertains but also prompts critical thinking about religious practices and societal norms, making it a powerful tool for advocating reform.
• What role did 'In Praise of Folly' play in the broader context of the Reformation movement in Europe?
  • 'In Praise of Folly' contributed to the Reformation by challenging established church practices and encouraging individuals to seek a more genuine faith. Erasmus's critiques resonated with early reformers like Martin Luther, who also questioned the authority of the church. By highlighting moral failings within Christianity, Erasmus set the stage for a movement that sought to redefine religious beliefs and practices across Europe.
• Evaluate the impact of Erasmus' 'In Praise of Folly' on Renaissance humanism and its lasting influence on European thought.
  • 'In Praise of Folly' reflects key tenets of Renaissance humanism by emphasizing reason, individualism, and a return to classical learning. Erasmus's call for self-reflection and critique of societal norms encouraged an intellectual environment that valued inquiry over blind faith. The work's lasting influence can be seen in subsequent movements that prioritize critical thought and personal interpretation, shaping modern perspectives on religion, morality, and education in Europe.

Related terms

Humanism:

An intellectual movement that emphasized the study of classical texts, focusing on human potential and achievements, often linked with Renaissance thought.

Reformation:

A religious movement in the 16th century that sought to reform the Catholic Church and led to the establishment of Protestant churches.

Satire:

A literary technique that uses humor, irony, or exaggeration to criticize or mock societal norms, institutions, or individuals.