Taxis is a directed movement towards or away from a stimulus such as light (phototaxis), heat (thermotaxis), or gravity (geotaxis).
Think about how you would react if someone suddenly turned on bright lights while you were sleeping. You'd probably turn away from them, right? That's similar to negative phototaxis - an organism moving away from light.
Chemotaxis: Movement that occurs in response to chemical stimulus.
Phototaxis: Movement that occurs in response to light stimulus.
Thermotaxis: Movement that occurs in response to temperature changes.
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