Phosphate groups are chemical units consisting of phosphorus atoms bonded to oxygen atoms. In cellular processes, they can be transferred from one molecule (like ATP) to another (like proteins) as a means of adding energy or regulating activity.
ATP is a molecule responsible for storing and transferring energy within cells. It consists of adenine, ribose sugar, and three phosphate groups.
Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP): ADP is formed when one phosphate group is removed from ATP through hydrolysis. It can be converted back into ATP through cellular respiration.
Energy Coupling: Energy coupling refers to the transfer of energy from exergonic (energy-releasing) reactions, like ATP hydrolysis, to endergonic (energy-consuming) reactions, enabling cellular work.