Hydrogen ions (H+) are single proton with no electrons and play crucial roles in chemical reactions, especially those involving acids and bases.
Proton Donors/Acids: Substances that donate hydrogen ions to solutions.
Proton Acceptors/Bases: Substances that accept hydrogen ions from solutions.
Hydroxide Ion(OH-): An ion consisting of oxygen and hydrogen joined by a covalent bond; it's what's left after a base has accepted a proton.