Genes and Proteins
Definition
Genes are segments of DNA that code for specific proteins. Proteins carry out most cellular functions and make up majority of a cell's structure.
Analogy
If the cell is a city, genes are the architects' blueprints and proteins are the buildings. The blueprints (genes) provide instructions on how to build each building (protein), which then serves various functions in the city (cell).
Related terms
DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid, a molecule that carries most of the genetic instructions used in development, functioning and reproduction of all known living organisms.
Protein Synthesis: The process by which cells make proteins based on information encoded in DNA.
Amino Acids: Building blocks of proteins; there are 20 different types that can be combined to make a protein.
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