Written by the Fiveable Content Team • Last updated September 2025
Verified for the 2026 exam
Verified for the 2026 exam•Written by the Fiveable Content Team • Last updated September 2025
Definition
Functional groups are specific groupings of atoms within molecules that have their own characteristic properties, regardless of the other atoms present in a molecule. They determine how organic molecules participate in chemical reactions.
Related terms
Hydroxyl Group (-OH): A functional group consisting of a hydrogen atom bonded to an oxygen atom. It's like a weather app that can change the 'climate' or reactivity of your molecule.
Carboxyl Group (-COOH): A functional group consisting of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and single-bonded to a hydroxyl group. This is like your alarm clock app - it can cause big changes (reactions) when it goes off!
Amino Group (-NH2): A functional group composed of one nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms. It's like your messaging app, allowing for connections (bonds) with others.