cAMP is a second messenger important in many biological processes; it transmits signals from hormones outside the cell to its interior.
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G-Protein Coupled Receptors: Proteins that detect molecules outside a cell and activate internal signal transduction pathways.
Protein Kinase A: An enzyme that is activated by cAMP and can phosphorylate various target proteins to alter their function.
Chemical messengers produced in one part of an organism that affect cells in other parts.