The bottleneck effect is another form of genetic drift where an event drastically reduces the size of a population and consequently its genetic variation.
Think about pouring ketchup out of a bottle - not all the ketchup can get through the narrow neck at once. Similarly, during an extreme event like a natural disaster, not all members (and thus not all genes) make it through 'the bottleneck', resulting in reduced genetic diversity.
Genetic Variation: Differences among individuals in their DNA sequence.
Survival of the Fittest: A concept that describes how only those organisms best adapted to their environment tend to survive and transmit their genetic characteristics to succeeding generations.
Natural Selection: The process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.
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