Allele frequency refers to how common an allele is in a population. It is determined by counting how many times that allele appears within the population then dividing by total number of alleles for that gene.
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An allele that expresses its phenotypic effect even when heterozygous with a recessive allele; it masks effects of recessive alleles - just like bright lights can outshine dimmer ones at concerts!
An allele whose characteristic only shows up when it is paired with a similar allele - like a dim light stick that can only be seen when the brighter ones are turned off.