Basalt is an igneous rock formed from solidified lava flows. It is typically dark-colored, dense, and fine-grained.
Igneous Rock: A category of rocks formed through the cooling and solidification of molten material.
Columnar Jointing: A geological phenomenon where basalt forms hexagonal columns due to contraction during cooling.
Volcanic Activity: The process by which basaltic lava erupts onto the Earth's surface from volcanoes.