Fight or flight response

Definition

The fight or flight response is a physiological reaction that occurs in response to a perceived threat, preparing the body to either confront or flee from danger. This complex process involves the activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the release of stress hormones, such as adrenaline and cortisol, which facilitate rapid changes in bodily functions to enhance survival during stressful situations.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The fight or flight response was first described by physiologist Walter Cannon in the early 20th century, highlighting its importance in survival.
2. During this response, physiological changes include increased heart rate, dilated airways, and heightened alertness, enabling quicker reactions.
3. The release of adrenaline and cortisol mobilizes energy reserves, enhancing physical strength and endurance temporarily.
4. Once the threat is gone, the parasympathetic nervous system helps return the body to a state of balance and calmness.
5. Chronic activation of the fight or flight response can lead to health issues such as anxiety, cardiovascular problems, and weakened immune function.

Review Questions

• How does the activation of the sympathetic nervous system play a role in the fight or flight response?
  • The sympathetic nervous system is crucial in initiating the fight or flight response. When a perceived threat is detected, this system triggers a cascade of physiological changes, including increased heart rate and blood flow to muscles. These changes prepare the body for immediate action, either to confront the threat or escape from it. This quick response is vital for survival in dangerous situations.
• Discuss the role of hormones like adrenaline in enhancing physical performance during a fight or flight situation.
  • Adrenaline is one of the key hormones released during the fight or flight response. It acts quickly to increase heart rate and blood pressure, delivering more oxygen and glucose to muscles for enhanced physical performance. This surge of energy allows an individual to respond rapidly to threats by either fighting back or fleeing. The hormonal changes ensure that bodily functions are optimized for immediate action.
• Evaluate the long-term effects of repeated activation of the fight or flight response on overall health and well-being.
  • Repeated activation of the fight or flight response can have detrimental long-term effects on health. Chronic stress leads to prolonged exposure to hormones like cortisol, which can result in anxiety, depression, and other mood disorders. Additionally, continuous high levels of adrenaline can increase blood pressure and put strain on the cardiovascular system. Over time, these health issues may lead to serious conditions such as heart disease and weakened immunity, highlighting the importance of managing stress effectively.

Related terms

Sympathetic Nervous System:

A division of the autonomic nervous system responsible for the body's rapid involuntary response to stressful situations, often referred to as the 'fight or flight' system.

Adrenaline: A hormone released by the adrenal glands during stressful situations, increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and energy supplies.

Homeostasis: The body's ability to maintain stable internal conditions despite external changes, often disrupted during the fight or flight response.