Zoroastrianism

Definition

Zoroastrianism is one of the world's oldest monotheistic religions, founded by the prophet Zoroaster in ancient Persia around the 6th century BCE. It emphasizes the dualistic nature of existence, where the eternal struggle between good and evil is central, reflecting a cosmic battle between Ahura Mazda, the supreme god, and Angra Mainyu, the destructive spirit.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Zoroastrianism introduced the concept of free will, where individuals have the choice to align with either good or evil.
2. The religion influenced later monotheistic faiths, particularly Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, particularly with ideas about heaven and hell.
3. Fire is a significant symbol in Zoroastrian worship, representing purity and the presence of Ahura Mazda.
4. Zoroastrianism's dualistic nature portrays a constant battle between light and darkness, good and evil, reflecting a broader cosmological understanding.
5. Today, Zoroastrianism has a small but dedicated following primarily in India (Parsis) and Iran.

Review Questions

• How does Zoroastrianism illustrate the concept of dualism in its teachings and practices?
  • Zoroastrianism embodies dualism through the constant conflict between Ahura Mazda, the god of light and truth, and Angra Mainyu, the spirit of chaos and deception. This dualistic worldview suggests that all of existence is a battlefield where humans must choose sides. The religion teaches that individuals contribute to this cosmic struggle through their thoughts, words, and actions, emphasizing moral responsibility.
• In what ways did Zoroastrianism influence other major world religions, especially regarding concepts of morality and the afterlife?
  • Zoroastrianism's impact on other major religions can be seen in its ideas about morality and the afterlife. Concepts such as heaven and hell are thought to have been influenced by Zoroastrian beliefs about judgment after death. Additionally, its emphasis on individual choice between good and evil has parallels in the ethical frameworks of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. These shared ideas illustrate how ancient beliefs shaped later religious thought.
• Evaluate the significance of Zoroastrianism's teachings in understanding ancient Persian culture and its lasting impact on religious thought.
  • The teachings of Zoroastrianism hold significant importance in comprehending ancient Persian culture as they reflect a sophisticated understanding of cosmology and ethics. The emphasis on duality not only influenced religious practices but also shaped political ideology in ancient Persia by linking kingship to divine order. Its lasting impact on religious thought is evident in how it helped shape moral principles and eschatological views in subsequent religions. The struggle between good and evil continues to resonate through many belief systems today.

Related terms

Ahura Mazda:

The supreme god in Zoroastrianism, representing truth, light, and goodness, who is opposed by Angra Mainyu.

Angra Mainyu: The evil spirit in Zoroastrianism, embodying chaos and destruction, who stands in opposition to Ahura Mazda.

Avesta:

The sacred texts of Zoroastrianism that contain hymns, rituals, and teachings attributed to Zoroaster.