key term - Tutankhamun

Definition

Tutankhamun, often referred to as King Tut, was an Egyptian pharaoh who reigned during the 18th dynasty, around 1332–1323 BCE. He is most famous for his nearly intact tomb discovered in the Valley of the Kings in 1922, which has provided invaluable insights into ancient Egyptian culture, art, and burial practices, particularly during the transition from the Amarna Period back to traditional polytheistic beliefs.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Tutankhamun ascended to the throne at a very young age, likely around 8 or 9 years old, and ruled for about 10 years before his untimely death.
2. His reign marked a significant return to traditional polytheism after his father's radical monotheistic reforms.
3. The discovery of Tutankhamun's tomb by Howard Carter in 1922 was one of the most significant archaeological finds of the 20th century, revealing a wealth of artifacts that showcased ancient Egyptian craftsmanship.
4. Tutankhamun's death is shrouded in mystery, with various theories suggesting possible illness, accident, or even murder as causes.
5. His burial included a treasure trove of items meant to assist him in the afterlife, underscoring the importance of burial customs and beliefs in resurrection during ancient Egyptian society.

Review Questions

• How did Tutankhamun's reign represent a shift back to traditional beliefs following the Amarna Period?
  • Tutankhamun's reign is seen as a pivotal moment in ancient Egyptian history as he reversed the religious reforms instituted by his father Akhenaten. During Akhenaten’s rule, there was a significant shift towards monotheism centered around the worship of Aten. However, Tutankhamun restored the traditional polytheistic beliefs and practices, reestablishing temples dedicated to multiple gods and reinforcing Egypt's cultural heritage.
• Discuss the significance of the artifacts found in Tutankhamun's tomb and what they reveal about ancient Egyptian society.
  • The artifacts found in Tutankhamun's tomb are crucial for understanding ancient Egyptian society as they reflect its complex religious beliefs, artistry, and social structure. Items such as gold jewelry, chariots, and weapons illustrate not only the wealth and power associated with pharaohs but also their beliefs about the afterlife. The presence of everyday items alongside ceremonial objects indicates a belief in using these possessions in both life and death.
• Evaluate how Tutankhamun's discovery influenced modern perceptions of ancient Egypt and its cultural heritage.
  • The discovery of Tutankhamun's tomb had a profound impact on modern perceptions of ancient Egypt, igniting global fascination with its history and culture. The treasures unearthed sparked interest in Egyptology and led to an increase in archaeological expeditions throughout Egypt. This monumental find also helped to demystify ancient Egyptian practices regarding burial and religion, fostering appreciation for their artistic achievements and cultural complexities that continue to resonate today.

Related terms

Akhenaten:

The father of Tutankhamun and a pharaoh known for his revolutionary religious reforms that promoted worship of the sun disc Aten over traditional gods.

Ankh: An ancient Egyptian symbol representing life, often found in tombs and associated with deities and the afterlife.

Valley of the Kings:

A burial site in Egypt that served as the royal necropolis for pharaohs during the New Kingdom, including the tomb of Tutankhamun.