Phidias

Definition

Phidias was an influential ancient Greek sculptor and architect, renowned for his work during the Golden Age of Athens. He played a pivotal role in shaping the artistic and cultural identity of Periclean Athens through his masterful creations, including the statue of Athena Parthenos that adorned the Parthenon and the colossal statue of Zeus at Olympia. His contributions reflect the heights of artistic achievement and the importance of art in celebrating Athenian democracy, religious devotion, and civic pride.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Phidias is often credited with creating some of the most famous sculptures of ancient Greece, which have become icons of classical art.
2. His most famous work, the statue of Athena Parthenos, stood over 40 feet tall and was made of gold and ivory, showcasing the wealth and power of Athens.
3. Phidias was not just a sculptor but also served as the overseer of the construction of the Parthenon, ensuring that it embodied the ideals of Athenian society.
4. He faced political challenges and accusations during his career, including charges of impiety related to his work on religious sculptures.
5. Phidias' influence extended beyond his lifetime; his techniques and artistic vision laid the groundwork for future generations of artists in ancient Rome and beyond.

Review Questions

• How did Phidias' work reflect the values and ideals of Periclean Athens?
  • Phidias' sculptures were emblematic of the values held by Periclean Athens, such as democracy, civic pride, and religious devotion. His masterpiece, the statue of Athena Parthenos in the Parthenon, symbolized the protective spirit of Athens and represented both political power and cultural achievement. Through his artistry, Phidias celebrated not only the city's religious beliefs but also its commitment to excellence in art and architecture as a reflection of Athenian identity.
• Discuss the significance of the Parthenon in relation to Phidias’ contributions to art and architecture.
  • The Parthenon serves as a monumental testament to Phidias' contributions as both a sculptor and an architect. As he oversaw its construction, Phidias ensured that the temple not only housed his iconic statue of Athena but also embodied the aesthetic ideals of classical architecture. The combination of its architectural design with Phidias' sculptural elements demonstrated how art could enhance civic spaces and instill a sense of unity among Athenian citizens while glorifying their patron goddess.
• Evaluate Phidias’ legacy in shaping future artistic movements, particularly in how his work influenced later Roman art and Renaissance artists.
  • Phidias’ legacy is evident in how his techniques influenced both Roman art and later Renaissance artists who sought to emulate classical ideals. His focus on realism, proportion, and idealized forms became foundational principles in Western art. The reverence for human figures in dynamic poses, as seen in his sculptures, inspired countless artists over centuries who aspired to capture beauty and emotion in their works. This continuity highlights Phidias' role as a pivotal figure whose artistic vision transcended his time and laid essential groundwork for future art movements.

Related terms

Parthenon:

A temple on the Acropolis of Athens dedicated to the goddess Athena, symbolizing Athenian democracy and culture, which housed Phidias' statue of Athena.

Classical Sculpture: A style of sculpture that emphasizes realism, proportion, and idealized forms, prevalent in ancient Greece and exemplified by Phidias' works.

Pericles:

The prominent Athenian statesman who led Athens during its Golden Age and was instrumental in promoting arts and democracy, under which Phidias thrived.