Political naturalism

Definition

Political naturalism is the philosophical approach that views political structures and institutions as arising from the natural order of human beings, emphasizing that society and politics are fundamentally rooted in human nature. This perspective suggests that the organization of political life should align with human inclinations and social behaviors, advocating for a framework that reflects natural human tendencies. Political naturalism connects deeply with concepts like the polis, where the ideal city-state is seen as a natural extension of human social needs and relationships.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Aristotle's notion of political naturalism emphasizes that humans are naturally inclined to form communities, which leads to the development of the polis.
2. The polis is seen as a necessary environment for achieving the good life, where individuals can realize their potential through participation in civic life.
3. Political naturalism contrasts with social contract theories, which suggest that political institutions arise from agreements rather than natural human tendencies.
4. Aristotle believed that different forms of government (monarchy, aristocracy, and polity) are grounded in different aspects of human nature and societal needs.
5. The concept underscores the importance of ethics in politics, suggesting that laws and governance should reflect moral principles inherent to human nature.

Review Questions

• How does political naturalism relate to Aristotle's views on the nature of humans as political animals?
  • Political naturalism aligns closely with Aristotle's view that humans are inherently political animals who naturally seek out social connections. Aristotle argues that this inclination leads people to form communities like the polis, where they can fulfill their potential through engagement in civic life. This understanding emphasizes that political structures should reflect these natural inclinations rather than be artificially constructed.
• Discuss the implications of political naturalism on the understanding of the ideal polis according to Aristotle.
  • Political naturalism suggests that the ideal polis is one where governance aligns with human nature and facilitates the good life for its citizens. According to Aristotle, a well-structured polis enables individuals to realize their ethical potential and fosters a sense of community. This creates a framework where laws and civic participation are rooted in what is deemed naturally good for humans, emphasizing the need for moral consideration in governance.
• Evaluate the criticisms of political naturalism in light of modern political thought and its relevance today.
  • Critics argue that political naturalism may oversimplify complex social dynamics by assuming an unchanging human nature as its basis. Modern political thought often challenges this notion by highlighting cultural, historical, and situational factors that shape human behavior and political institutions. Despite this criticism, elements of political naturalism remain relevant as discussions about ethics in governance continue, reminding us that understanding human nature is essential when considering laws and policies in today's diverse societies.

Related terms

polis:

The Greek term for city-state, a fundamental political unit in ancient Greece, where citizens engaged in governance and community life.

Aristotle:

An ancient Greek philosopher whose work laid the foundation for political naturalism, arguing that humans are 'political animals' who naturally form communities.

natural law: A philosophical theory that posits certain rights and moral values are inherent in human nature and can be understood through reason, influencing political thought.