Crito

Definition

Crito is a dialogue written by Plato that depicts a conversation between Socrates and his friend Crito regarding justice, morality, and the nature of the social contract. This text is significant as it explores the political implications of Socrates' trial and execution, especially his views on obedience to the law and the role of the individual in society.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. In 'Crito', Socrates argues that it is never just to do wrong, even in response to wrongdoings done to oneself, highlighting his commitment to justice.
2. The dialogue takes place in Socrates' prison cell after he has been sentenced to death for allegedly corrupting the youth of Athens and impiety.
3. Socrates uses the argument that escaping would undermine the laws of Athens, suggesting that one must accept the consequences of one's actions even if they are unjust.
4. Crito presents arguments about how escaping would benefit Socrates' friends and family, but Socrates remains steadfast in his belief about the importance of following the law.
5. The text raises questions about loyalty to the state versus personal morality, illustrating the tension between individual beliefs and societal rules.

Review Questions

• How does Crito illustrate Socrates' views on justice and obedience to the law?
  • Crito illustrates Socrates' views by presenting a situation where he could escape from prison but chooses not to because he believes that doing so would be unjust. Socrates argues that one must uphold the laws of Athens, which he has agreed to follow throughout his life. His reasoning emphasizes that justice cannot be compromised even in the face of personal injustice, reinforcing his commitment to moral principles over personal gain.
• Discuss how the dialogue between Socrates and Crito reflects broader political implications about citizenship and responsibility.
  • The dialogue reflects broader political implications by emphasizing the social contract between citizens and the state. Socrates argues that by living in Athens and enjoying its benefits, he has implicitly agreed to abide by its laws, even when those laws lead to an unjust outcome. This raises important questions about civic duty and the responsibilities individuals have towards their society, suggesting that one's obligation to uphold justice is paramount, even at personal cost.
• Evaluate how Crito serves as a commentary on philosophical martyrdom and its relevance in contemporary society.
  • Crito serves as a powerful commentary on philosophical martyrdom by showcasing Socrates' willingness to accept death rather than compromise his principles. This resonates in contemporary society where individuals may face ethical dilemmas that challenge their values. By analyzing Socrates' decision, one can draw parallels with modern figures who resist societal pressures for the sake of integrity, encouraging discussions about moral courage and individual responsibility in standing up against perceived injustices.

Related terms

Socrates: A classical Greek philosopher credited as one of the founders of Western philosophy, known for his contributions to ethics and epistemology, and for his method of dialogue and questioning.

Social Contract: A theory in political philosophy that typically posits that individuals consent, either explicitly or implicitly, to surrender some freedoms in exchange for protection of their remaining rights.

Philosophical Martyrdom: The idea that a philosopher may accept suffering or death for their beliefs, exemplified by Socrates’ choice to face execution rather than escape from prison.