Theban hegemony refers to the period during the 4th century BCE when Thebes emerged as a dominant power in Greece, particularly following its victory over Sparta at the Battle of Leuctra in 371 BCE. This era marked a significant shift in the balance of power in Greece, as Thebes expanded its influence over other city-states and led a coalition against Spartan dominance. The Theban hegemony was characterized by military innovation and strong leadership, particularly under figures like Epaminondas.
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