Pheidias

Definition

Pheidias was an ancient Greek sculptor and architect, renowned for his work during the Classical period, particularly in the 5th century BCE. He is most famous for creating monumental sculptures, including the iconic statue of Zeus at Olympia and the Athena Parthenos that adorned the Parthenon in Athens. His contributions significantly influenced the development of classical art and the standards of craftsmanship in sculpture and manufacturing of that era.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Pheidias is credited with designing the Parthenon, a temple dedicated to Athena, showcasing his architectural and artistic genius.
2. His statue of Zeus at Olympia was considered one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World and was made using the chryselephantine technique.
3. Pheidias's work set a benchmark for future sculptors and is often cited as a key influence in the evolution of Western art.
4. He faced political challenges during his lifetime, particularly accusations of embezzlement related to the Parthenon's construction funds.
5. Pheidias's legacy continued long after his death, as his works were replicated and revered in Roman times and beyond.

Review Questions

• How did Pheidias's work influence classical sculpture and set standards for future artists?
  • Pheidias's approach to sculpture emphasized ideal proportions and a sense of harmony that became foundational principles for classical art. His ability to convey emotion and grandeur through his sculptures established new benchmarks for craftsmanship. The techniques he employed, such as chryselephantine for depicting gods, were adopted by later artists, ensuring that his influence permeated throughout the history of Western art.
• Discuss the significance of Pheidias's contributions to the Parthenon and how they reflect the values of Athenian society.
  • Pheidias’s role in designing the Parthenon illustrates not only his artistic skill but also reflects the values of Athenian society, emphasizing civic pride, religious devotion, and democratic ideals. The Parthenon served as a temple to Athena, showcasing the importance of religion in daily Athenian life. Pheidias's dedication to creating a structure that represented Athenian power and cultural supremacy encapsulated the city-state's aspirations during its golden age.
• Evaluate how Pheidias's use of the chryselephantine technique impacted both his sculptures and the perception of artistic craftsmanship in ancient Greece.
  • The use of chryselephantine by Pheidias not only enhanced the visual impact of his sculptures but also elevated the status of artistic craftsmanship in ancient Greece. This technique combined precious materials like gold and ivory to create stunning representations of deities that conveyed opulence and reverence. As these masterpieces gained admiration, they set a high standard for artistry, leading to increased demand for skilled craftsmen who could replicate such intricate work while reinforcing the cultural significance placed on art as an expression of religious devotion and civic identity.

Related terms

Classical Sculpture: Artistic creations from ancient Greece and Rome characterized by idealized human forms and a focus on proportion, balance, and harmony.

Acropolis:

An ancient citadel located on a high rocky outcrop above Athens, home to several significant buildings, including the Parthenon.

Chryselephantine: A technique used in ancient Greek sculpture where the figure is made of gold and ivory, often used in Pheidias's works for depicting deities.