Founding of Byzantium

Definition

The founding of Byzantium refers to the establishment of the ancient city by Greek colonists from Megara around 657 BCE. This strategic city was located on the Bosporus Strait, serving as a critical trade link between Europe and Asia, and it would later evolve into the capital of the Byzantine Empire, known as Constantinople. The founding was part of a larger movement of colonization and expansion during this period, driven by the search for new resources and trade routes.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Byzantium was founded on a strategic location at the crossroads of trade routes, which facilitated commerce between different cultures.
2. The city's original name, Byzantium, was later changed to Constantinople in honor of Emperor Constantine, marking its importance in history.
3. The founding is often associated with the larger Greek colonization movement during the 7th century BCE, where city-states expanded their influence across the Mediterranean.
4. Byzantium's favorable harbor allowed it to become a significant naval power and a crucial player in Mediterranean trade networks.
5. Over time, Byzantium would evolve into one of the most important cities in the world due to its political and economic significance, especially after becoming the capital of the Byzantine Empire.

Review Questions

• How did the geographical location of Byzantium contribute to its founding and later significance?
  • Byzantium was strategically located on the Bosporus Strait, connecting Europe and Asia. This position made it an ideal site for trade, as ships could easily navigate between major markets. The geographical advantages not only facilitated economic growth but also led to Byzantium's rise as a vital cultural and political center throughout history.
• Discuss the impact of Greek colonization on the establishment of cities like Byzantium during the 7th century BCE.
  • Greek colonization during the 7th century BCE involved settling new territories for resources and trade. The founding of Byzantium is a prime example of this movement, as it represented the search for new opportunities beyond Greece. The establishment of such colonies helped spread Greek culture and influence across the Mediterranean while also securing vital trading routes that enhanced economic prosperity.
• Evaluate how the founding of Byzantium laid the groundwork for its transformation into Constantinople and its role in shaping European history.
  • The founding of Byzantium set in motion a series of developments that would lead to its transformation into Constantinople. As a pivotal trade hub, it attracted diverse populations and became culturally rich. When Emperor Constantine refounded it as his capital in 330 CE, it solidified its importance not only as a center of power but also as a bridge between East and West, significantly influencing political dynamics and cultural exchanges throughout European history.

Related terms

Megara: An ancient Greek city-state from which the colonists who founded Byzantium originated, known for its maritime trade.

Colonization:

The process of establishing settlements in new territories, often involving the migration of populations to exploit resources and engage in trade.

Constantinople: The name given to Byzantium after it was refounded and expanded by Emperor Constantine the Great in 330 CE, becoming a major center for trade and culture.