PP Cells

Definition

PP cells, also known as pancreatic polypeptide cells, are a type of endocrine cell found in the pancreas. They are responsible for the production and secretion of the hormone pancreatic polypeptide, which plays a role in regulating various physiological processes related to the endocrine pancreas and digestion.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. PP cells are located primarily in the head and neck of the pancreas, often in close proximity to the islets of Langerhans.
2. Pancreatic polypeptide secretion is stimulated by food intake, particularly protein and fat, as well as by certain hormones like cholecystokinin and gastrin.
3. PP cells play a role in regulating appetite and food intake by inhibiting gastric emptying and reducing pancreatic exocrine secretion.
4. Elevated levels of pancreatic polypeptide have been observed in certain medical conditions, such as pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors and chronic pancreatitis.
5. The function of PP cells and pancreatic polypeptide is not as well-understood as the roles of other endocrine cells in the pancreas, such as alpha cells (glucagon) and beta cells (insulin).

Review Questions

• Describe the location and distribution of PP cells within the pancreas.
  • PP cells are primarily located in the head and neck regions of the pancreas, often in close proximity to the islets of Langerhans. They are one of the four main types of endocrine cells found within the pancreatic islets, along with alpha cells (glucagon), beta cells (insulin), and delta cells (somatostatin). The distribution of PP cells throughout the pancreas allows them to effectively monitor and respond to changes in digestive and metabolic processes.
• Explain the role of pancreatic polypeptide in regulating appetite and digestion.
  • Pancreatic polypeptide, the hormone secreted by PP cells, plays a key role in the regulation of appetite and various digestive processes. The release of pancreatic polypeptide is stimulated by food intake, particularly protein and fat, as well as by hormones like cholecystokinin and gastrin. Pancreatic polypeptide then acts to inhibit gastric emptying and reduce pancreatic exocrine secretion, thereby slowing the digestive process and promoting a feeling of satiety or fullness. This hormonal regulation of appetite and digestion by PP cells helps to maintain energy homeostasis and overall metabolic balance.
• Discuss the potential clinical significance of PP cells and pancreatic polypeptide in health and disease.
  • Elevated levels of pancreatic polypeptide have been observed in certain medical conditions, such as pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors and chronic pancreatitis. In these cases, the overproduction of pancreatic polypeptide by PP cells can lead to a range of clinical manifestations, including changes in appetite, digestive function, and metabolic regulation. Additionally, the role of PP cells and pancreatic polypeptide in overall endocrine pancreas function is not as well-understood as the functions of other endocrine cell types, such as alpha cells and beta cells. Further research into the specific physiological and pathological roles of PP cells could lead to a better understanding of their clinical significance and potential therapeutic applications in the management of metabolic and digestive disorders.

Related terms

Endocrine Pancreas: The endocrine portion of the pancreas that is responsible for the production and secretion of hormones, including insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide.

Pancreatic Polypeptide: A hormone produced by the PP cells of the pancreas that helps regulate various digestive and metabolic processes, such as appetite, gastric emptying, and pancreatic exocrine secretion.

Islets of Langerhans: The clusters of endocrine cells, including PP cells, within the pancreas that are responsible for the production and secretion of hormones.