Neuron

Definition

A neuron is a specialized cell within the nervous system that transmits information through electrical and chemical signals. It consists of a cell body, dendrites for receiving messages, and an axon for sending them.

Related terms

Synapse:

The junction between two neurons or a neuron and another cell, where neurotransmitters are released to transmit nerve impulses.

Axon:

A long, slender projection of a neuron that conducts electrical impulses away from the neuron's cell body.

Dendrite:

Tree-like extensions at the beginning of a neuron that help increase the surface area for receiving signals from other neural cells