Second Continental Congress

Definition

The Second Continental Congress was a convention of delegates from the thirteen American colonies that met in Philadelphia in May 1775, functioning as the de facto national government during the early stages of the American Revolution. It played a critical role in organizing the colonial resistance against British rule, managing the war effort, and ultimately declaring independence from Britain.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Second Continental Congress convened shortly after the battles of Lexington and Concord, showing an urgent need for organized resistance against British military actions.
2. It managed diplomatic relations with foreign nations, seeking support and alliances, which proved crucial for the success of the American Revolution.
3. On June 14, 1775, it established the Continental Army, appointing George Washington as its commander-in-chief.
4. The Congress acted as a unified governing body, making decisions on military strategy and funding efforts for the war.
5. The Olive Branch Petition was sent to King George III in July 1775, but its rejection led to a shift towards more radical actions, culminating in the Declaration of Independence.

Review Questions

• How did the Second Continental Congress respond to initial British military aggression and what measures did it take to organize colonial resistance?
  • In response to British military aggression, particularly after the battles of Lexington and Concord, the Second Continental Congress took immediate action by establishing the Continental Army and appointing George Washington as its commander. This marked a significant shift from passive resistance to active military engagement. The Congress also began coordinating supplies and recruitment efforts, signaling a collective commitment among the colonies to resist British control.
• Evaluate the significance of the Olive Branch Petition in relation to the actions taken by the Second Continental Congress in 1775.
  • The Olive Branch Petition represented a critical moment for the Second Continental Congress as it sought to maintain peace with Britain while addressing colonial grievances. By expressing loyalty to King George III while asking for redress of their rights, it highlighted the desire for reconciliation among some delegates. However, its rejection by the king marked a turning point that solidified revolutionary sentiments within the Congress and paved the way for more aggressive actions toward independence.
• Analyze how the decisions made by the Second Continental Congress during its tenure influenced the outcome of the American Revolution.
  • The decisions made by the Second Continental Congress were pivotal in shaping both military strategy and diplomatic relations during the American Revolution. By forming the Continental Army and appointing Washington, it established a unified military command that was essential for coordinating colonial forces. Furthermore, its efforts to seek foreign alliances culminated in support from nations like France, which significantly bolstered American capabilities. Ultimately, these strategic decisions laid a strong foundation for declaring independence and successfully waging war against Britain.

Related terms

Continental Army: The army formed by the Second Continental Congress to fight against British forces, led by General George Washington.

Olive Branch Petition: A final attempt by the Second Continental Congress to avoid a full-blown war with Britain, expressing loyalty to the Crown while seeking a peaceful resolution to grievances.

Declaration of Independence: The formal statement adopted by the Second Continental Congress on July 4, 1776, declaring the colonies' independence from British rule.