Patriarchy

Definition

Patriarchy is a social system in which men hold primary power, dominating in roles of political leadership, moral authority, social privilege, and control of property. This structure has historically shaped gender roles and expectations, influencing everything from family dynamics to societal norms. In literature, patriarchal themes often reflect the struggles and limitations faced by women within these systems, exposing the inequalities embedded in society.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Patriarchy influences the characters' choices and societal pressures in Foster's narrative, often limiting women's autonomy.
2. The protagonist, Eliza Wharton, grapples with the constraints imposed by a patriarchal society that dictates her worth based on marriage and conformity.
3. The male characters in the story represent various facets of patriarchal control, from societal expectations to personal relationships.
4. Foster critiques the consequences of patriarchy through Eliza's tragic fate, highlighting how adherence to these norms can lead to devastating outcomes for women.
5. The novel serves as an early example of literature addressing the struggles against patriarchal values, emphasizing the need for greater female agency.

Review Questions

• How does the concept of patriarchy shape the character development of Eliza Wharton in Foster's narrative?
  • Patriarchy profoundly shapes Eliza Wharton's character development by creating a framework of expectations that she feels pressured to conform to. Throughout the story, Eliza wrestles with societal norms that prioritize marriage over personal desires. This struggle highlights her internal conflict as she attempts to assert her independence while facing the repercussions of living in a patriarchal society that ultimately limits her choices.
• Discuss the role of male characters in reinforcing or challenging the patriarchal structures depicted in the novel.
  • Male characters play significant roles in both reinforcing and challenging patriarchal structures in Foster's work. Figures like Mr. Haly and Mr. Boyer embody traditional expectations of masculinity and assert control over Eliza’s life decisions. In contrast, their actions also prompt reflection on these oppressive norms. Through their interactions with Eliza, Foster illustrates how patriarchy not only affects women but also defines male identities within society.
• Evaluate how Foster uses Eliza Wharton's experiences to critique patriarchal values and their impact on women's lives.
  • Foster utilizes Eliza Wharton's experiences as a powerful critique of patriarchal values, showcasing how these societal norms restrict women's freedom and agency. Through Eliza's tragic choices and ultimate downfall, Foster underscores the harsh realities faced by women who are expected to navigate a world where their worth is often tied to their marital status. This examination prompts readers to question the validity of such values and advocates for a reconsideration of women's roles within society.

Related terms

Gender Roles: The expectations and norms assigned to individuals based on their gender, often dictating behavior, responsibilities, and societal roles.

Feminism: A movement that advocates for women's rights and equality, challenging patriarchal structures and seeking to address gender-based injustices.

Domestic Sphere: The cultural concept that associates women's roles with home and family life, often limiting their participation in public and professional spheres.