Neoclassicism

Definition

Neoclassicism is an artistic and literary movement that emerged in the late 17th century and lasted into the early 19th century, characterized by a revival of classical art and literature from ancient Greece and Rome. This movement emphasized reason, order, and harmony, often reflecting Enlightenment ideals, and sought to emulate the simplicity and clarity of classical works while rejecting the ornate styles of the preceding Baroque period. Neoclassicism played a significant role in shaping American literature, particularly in works that aimed to establish national identity and reflect moral virtues.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Neoclassicism emerged as a response to the excesses of Baroque art, promoting a return to simplicity and rationality.
2. In literature, neoclassical writers often focused on themes of morality, virtue, and the importance of reason over emotion.
3. The movement was influenced by the discoveries of ancient Roman ruins, leading to a renewed interest in classical antiquity during the 18th century.
4. Prominent neoclassical authors include Alexander Pope and Jonathan Swift, who used satire to critique contemporary society.
5. Neoclassicism significantly impacted American playwrights like Royall Tyler, who incorporated classical themes and structures into their works to reflect American values.

Review Questions

• How did Neoclassicism influence the themes and structures of American literature in the late 18th century?
  • Neoclassicism greatly influenced American literature by promoting themes centered on morality, virtue, and reason. Writers sought to establish a national identity through classical structures and references, often mirroring the ideals found in ancient Greek and Roman texts. This approach allowed authors to craft narratives that were not only entertaining but also served as moral lessons for society, reflecting Enlightenment values that emphasized rational thought over emotional expression.
• Discuss how Royall Tyler's work embodies neoclassical ideals while addressing contemporary American society.
  • Royall Tyler's play 'The Contrast' showcases neoclassical ideals through its structure and moral themes. The play utilizes classical forms like the five-act structure while exploring social issues relevant to its time, such as class distinctions and cultural differences. By employing wit and satire reminiscent of neoclassical writers like Molière, Tyler addresses societal concerns while adhering to principles of reason and propriety, ultimately reinforcing the importance of virtue within American society.
• Evaluate the legacy of Neoclassicism in American literature as it transitions into Romanticism in the 19th century.
  • The legacy of Neoclassicism in American literature laid a foundational emphasis on reason, order, and moral themes that would be both challenged and transformed by the rise of Romanticism. As writers moved towards Romantic ideals focusing on emotion and individual experience, they retained elements from neoclassical traditions by drawing upon classical references and themes. This transition reflects a complex interplay where Romantic writers both rejected strict neoclassical rules while still acknowledging their influence in shaping literary discourse in America during a period of rapid change.

Related terms

Enlightenment:

An intellectual movement in Europe during the 17th and 18th centuries that emphasized reason, individualism, and skepticism of traditional authority.

Romanticism:

A literary and artistic movement that emerged as a reaction against Neoclassicism in the late 18th century, focusing on emotion, nature, and individual experience.

Classicism: An aesthetic style that draws inspiration from the principles and works of ancient Greek and Roman culture, particularly in literature, art, and architecture.