Robert E. Lee

Definition

Robert E. Lee was a prominent Confederate general during the American Civil War, known for his leadership of the Army of Northern Virginia. He became an enduring symbol of the Confederacy, admired for his military strategy and tactical skill but also criticized for his role in fighting to maintain slavery in the Southern states. Lee's legacy is complex, as he embodies both the valor of a military leader and the contentious issues surrounding the Civil War.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Lee was born on January 19, 1807, in Stratford Hall, Virginia, into a prominent Virginia family with a military background.
2. He graduated from the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1829, finishing second in his class with no demerits.
3. Lee initially served as an officer in the U.S. Army and was distinguished for his service in the Mexican-American War before becoming a Confederate general.
4. After the Civil War, Lee advocated for reconciliation between the North and South and urged Southerners to be loyal to the Union.
5. His home at Arlington was confiscated during the war and became Arlington National Cemetery after his family's relocation.

Review Questions

• What were some of Robert E. Lee's significant military strategies that contributed to his reputation as a skilled commander?
  • Robert E. Lee was known for his bold tactics and adaptability on the battlefield. He often employed aggressive maneuvers and flanking strategies that surprised Union forces, such as at the Second Battle of Bull Run. His ability to inspire his troops and maintain morale even during challenging situations also contributed to his effectiveness as a commander. These strategies helped him achieve several victories against larger Union armies early in the war.
• Discuss the implications of Robert E. Lee's surrender at Appomattox Court House for the Confederacy and how it marked a turning point in American history.
  • Robert E. Lee's surrender to General Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House on April 9, 1865, effectively marked the end of the Civil War. This event symbolized not only the defeat of the Confederacy but also set the stage for Reconstruction and efforts to reunite the nation. Lee's decision to surrender rather than continue fighting helped facilitate a relatively peaceful transition back into Union governance and encouraged other Confederate leaders to follow suit.
• Evaluate how Robert E. Lee's legacy has been perceived over time and its impact on contemporary discussions about Civil War memory and heritage.
  • Robert E. Lee's legacy has evolved significantly over time, reflecting broader societal changes regarding race, history, and memory. Initially viewed as a hero in many Southern communities for his military leadership, recent discussions have scrutinized his role in defending slavery and white supremacy. This shift has sparked debates about Confederate monuments and their place in modern society, revealing tensions between honoring historical figures and acknowledging their complicated legacies within American history.

Related terms

Confederate States of America: A group of eleven Southern states that seceded from the United States from 1860 to 1861, leading to the Civil War.

Battle of Gettysburg:

A pivotal battle fought from July 1 to July 3, 1863, considered a turning point in the Civil War, where Lee's forces faced a significant defeat.

Virginia Military Institute: A public military college in Lexington, Virginia, where Lee served as president after the Civil War, emphasizing education and leadership.