Declaration of Independence

Definition

The Declaration of Independence is a historic document adopted on July 4, 1776, that proclaimed the thirteen American colonies' separation from British rule. It articulates the principles of individual liberty and the right to self-governance, establishing a foundational ideology for American democracy and influencing artistic movements that sought to capture these revolutionary ideals. This document also inspired a new genre of portraiture and history painting that celebrated American heroes and events related to the Revolution.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Declaration was adopted by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776, marking the official start of American independence from Britain.
2. It is famous for its preamble, which includes the well-known phrase 'life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness,' reflecting Enlightenment ideals.
3. The document served not only as a declaration of independence but also as a statement of principles that would guide the new nation’s government.
4. Artistic responses to the Declaration included portraits of key figures like George Washington and historical paintings that depicted significant events from the Revolutionary War.
5. The Declaration has since become a symbol of freedom and democracy, influencing various movements for rights and independence around the world.

Review Questions

• How did the principles outlined in the Declaration of Independence influence subsequent artistic movements in America?
  • The principles in the Declaration emphasized concepts like individual liberty and democracy, which artists began to reflect in their works. Movements such as Neoclassicism drew inspiration from these revolutionary ideas, resulting in art that highlighted heroism, virtue, and moral integrity. This connection between art and political ideals helped shape an American identity that celebrated freedom and self-governance.
• Discuss how post-Revolutionary portraiture reflected societal changes after the adoption of the Declaration of Independence.
  • Post-Revolutionary portraiture shifted to celebrate not only political leaders but also everyday citizens who contributed to the American cause. Artists began to depict individuals in ways that emphasized their civic virtue and connection to the new nation's ideals. This shift reflected a growing emphasis on democratic participation and recognition of diverse contributions to American society after independence.
• Evaluate the long-term impact of the Declaration of Independence on global movements for freedom and human rights throughout history.
  • The Declaration of Independence has had a profound impact on global movements advocating for freedom and human rights by providing a framework for articulating grievances against oppressive governments. Its assertion that all men are created equal inspired various revolutions worldwide, including those in France, Latin America, and more recently during civil rights movements. The document's enduring legacy is seen in its influence on democratic principles and human rights charters that promote liberty, justice, and equality across nations.

Related terms

Thomas Jefferson: The principal author of the Declaration of Independence, who was influenced by Enlightenment thinkers and emphasized individual rights and government by consent.

Enlightenment: An intellectual movement in the 17th and 18th centuries emphasizing reason, individualism, and skepticism of traditional authority, greatly influencing the ideas in the Declaration.

American Revolution: The conflict between the thirteen American colonies and Great Britain from 1775 to 1783, which led to American independence and the creation of the United States.