Pediment

Definition

A pediment is a triangular architectural element found at the top of a building, typically above the entrance, and supported by columns. This feature is commonly associated with classical architecture, especially in Greek Revival and Neoclassical styles, where it often serves as a decorative element that signifies grandeur and harmony in design. The pediment can be embellished with sculptures or reliefs that convey significant cultural or historical narratives.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Pediments are often triangular in shape, but they can also be segmental or curved, depending on the architectural style.
2. In Greek Revival architecture, pediments are frequently found on temple-like structures and civic buildings, symbolizing democracy and civic pride.
3. Neoclassical architects revived the use of pediments to evoke the grandeur of ancient Rome and Greece, emphasizing symmetry and proportion.
4. The decoration within the pediment can include mythological figures, allegorical scenes, or representations of local history, serving both aesthetic and storytelling functions.
5. Prominent examples of pediments can be seen in iconic structures like the Parthenon in Athens and the Virginia State Capitol designed by Thomas Jefferson.

Review Questions

• How do pediments contribute to the overall aesthetic and symbolic meaning of buildings designed in Greek Revival and Neoclassical styles?
  • Pediments enhance the aesthetic appeal of Greek Revival and Neoclassical buildings by providing a visually striking triangular form that draws attention to the entrance. Symbolically, they represent ideals of democracy and civic pride; their classical roots connect these styles to ancient Greece and Rome. Through their ornate decorations, such as sculptures depicting important cultural narratives, pediments communicate messages about the values and history associated with the building.
• Discuss how the design and decoration of a pediment can reflect the cultural or political context of the time when a building was constructed.
  • The design and decoration of a pediment often reflect contemporary cultural or political sentiments. For instance, during the American Revolution and early years of nationhood, many public buildings incorporated classical elements like pediments to signify democratic ideals and continuity with ancient civilizations. The choice of decorative motifs within the pediment—whether representing local heroes, national symbols, or mythological themes—can indicate prevailing values, aspirations, or historical narratives that were significant to society at that time.
• Evaluate how the use of pediments in architecture can influence public perception of governmental buildings or institutions in society.
  • The use of pediments in governmental architecture plays a crucial role in shaping public perception by conveying messages of stability, authority, and tradition. When citizens see grand buildings adorned with prominent pediments, they may associate these structures with strength and permanence. This architectural choice creates an impression of respectability and trustworthiness for institutions such as courthouses or city halls. Moreover, by linking contemporary governance with classical ideals through such features, architects reinforce the legitimacy and foundational values upon which these institutions operate.

Related terms

Portico:

A portico is a structure consisting of a roof supported by columns, leading to the entrance of a building, often enhancing its classical appearance.

Frieze: A frieze is a horizontal band that runs along the upper part of a wall or around the exterior of a building, frequently decorated with relief sculptures or ornamental designs.

Entablature:

An entablature is a horizontal structure supported by columns, comprising the architrave, frieze, and cornice, which together frame the pediment.