Colonial period

Definition

The colonial period refers to the time from the early 1600s until the late 1700s when European powers, primarily England, France, Spain, and the Netherlands, established colonies in North America. This era was marked by the introduction of diverse architectural styles influenced by European traditions, which laid the groundwork for the evolution of American architecture as we know it today.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The colonial period in America was heavily influenced by European architectural traditions, particularly those from England, which shaped the styles used in colonial homes and public buildings.
2. Buildings from this period often featured symmetrical designs, gabled roofs, and large chimneys, with materials adapted to local climates and available resources.
3. New England architecture during the colonial period is known for its Puritan influences, which emphasized practicality and modesty in design, leading to simpler structures compared to other regions.
4. Colonial architecture also saw the introduction of various styles as different European settlers brought their traditions, including Dutch and Spanish influences in regions like New York and California.
5. The end of the colonial period set the stage for a distinct American architectural identity to emerge as a reflection of national independence and cultural development.

Review Questions

• How did European architectural influences shape the designs of structures during the colonial period in America?
  • European architectural influences played a significant role in shaping American structures during the colonial period. The settlers brought with them various styles from their home countries, leading to a blend of architectural features adapted to local conditions. For instance, English settlers favored symmetrical designs and functional layouts, while Dutch influence introduced distinctive elements such as stoops and gambrel roofs. This fusion created a unique vernacular architecture that reflected both the settlers' heritage and their new environment.
• Discuss how Puritan values impacted architectural choices in New England during the colonial period.
  • Puritan values significantly influenced architectural choices in New England during the colonial period by promoting simplicity and functionality over elaborate ornamentation. Puritans believed in living modestly, which was reflected in their homes characterized by rectangular shapes, straightforward facades, and minimal decorative elements. This approach resulted in practical dwellings that emphasized utility, aligning with their religious beliefs. As a result, New England architecture became known for its unadorned style that focused on practicality.
• Evaluate how the end of the colonial period contributed to a shift in American architectural identity.
  • The end of the colonial period marked a pivotal moment for American architecture as it transitioned from European influences to a more distinct national identity. The desire for independence fueled creativity and innovation in design, leading to movements that sought to express American values through architecture. As newly formed states began to establish their own cultural identity, architectural styles evolved to reflect this change—moving away from strict European styles towards unique American forms that incorporated regional materials and techniques. This evolution laid the foundation for subsequent architectural movements that would define America's built environment.

Related terms

Colonial Architecture: A style of architecture that emerged in the American colonies, characterized by the use of local materials and adaptations of European designs, often reflecting the cultural heritage of the settlers.

Georgian Style: An architectural style that became prominent in the British colonies during the early 18th century, known for its symmetry and classic proportions, often seen in brick or wooden buildings.

Puritan Influence: The impact of Puritan values on architecture, particularly in New England, emphasizing simplicity and functionality over elaborate ornamentation.