W.E.B. Du Bois

Definition

W.E.B. Du Bois was a prominent African American sociologist, historian, civil rights activist, and author, known for his influential ideas on race and education in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. His work significantly shaped the discourse on African American identity and culture, making him a key figure in understanding the historical context of race relations in America and the cultural significance of African American literature.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. W.E.B. Du Bois was the first African American to earn a Ph.D. from Harvard University in 1895, which established him as a leading intellectual of his time.
2. He was a co-founder of the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) in 1909 and served as the editor of its magazine, 'The Crisis,' which promoted African American culture and civil rights.
3. Du Bois's seminal work, 'The Souls of Black Folk' (1903), introduced the concept of double consciousness and is considered a foundational text in African American literature and sociology.
4. Throughout his life, Du Bois advocated for higher education for African Americans, believing that intellectual development was essential for social progress and civil rights.
5. His ideas on race relations often contrasted with those of Booker T. Washington, emphasizing the need for immediate civil rights rather than gradual economic advancement.

Review Questions

• How did W.E.B. Du Bois's educational background influence his views on race and civil rights?
  • Du Bois's educational background, particularly as the first African American to earn a Ph.D. from Harvard, shaped his belief in the importance of higher education for African Americans. He argued that an educated elite, referred to as 'The Talented Tenth,' should lead the way in advocating for civil rights and social change. This emphasis on education distinguished him from other leaders who prioritized vocational training, showcasing his vision of a more intellectually empowered African American community.
• What are the key themes presented in 'The Souls of Black Folk' and how do they reflect Du Bois's perspective on race relations?
  • 'The Souls of Black Folk' presents key themes such as double consciousness, racial pride, and the importance of cultural identity. Du Bois articulates the struggles faced by African Americans as they navigate their dual identity as both Black individuals and American citizens. This work reflects his perspective that understanding this internal conflict is essential for achieving true equality and social justice in America.
• Evaluate the impact of W.E.B. Du Bois on 20th-century African American literature and activism.
  • W.E.B. Du Bois's impact on 20th-century African American literature and activism is profound. His ideas on double consciousness and the importance of cultural expression influenced countless writers and artists who sought to articulate the African American experience. Additionally, his role as a co-founder of organizations like the NAACP helped shape civil rights movements that would continue to evolve throughout the century. By blending literature with social advocacy, Du Bois established a framework that inspired future generations to confront racial injustices through both artistic expression and organized activism.

Related terms

The Talented Tenth: A term coined by Du Bois to describe the leadership class of educated African Americans who he believed should guide the community toward social and economic progress.

Double Consciousness: A concept introduced by Du Bois that describes the internal conflict experienced by subordinated or colonized groups in an oppressive society, particularly the struggle of African Americans to reconcile their African heritage with their American citizenship.

Niagara Movement: A civil rights organization co-founded by Du Bois in 1905, aimed at opposing racial segregation and discrimination while advocating for full civil rights for African Americans.