Native Son

Definition

Native Son is a groundbreaking novel written by Richard Wright, published in 1940, that explores the life of an African American man named Bigger Thomas in Chicago during the 1930s. The story delves into themes of systemic racism, poverty, and the psychological impact of oppression on individuals and society. The novel is a critical examination of race relations in America and remains one of the most influential works in African American literature.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Native Son is divided into three parts: Fear, Flight, and Fate, each representing different stages of Bigger Thomas's life and choices.
2. The novel received both acclaim and criticism upon its release; it was praised for its raw depiction of racial tensions but also faced backlash for its portrayal of violence and despair.
3. Bigger Thomas is symbolic of the struggles faced by African Americans in a society that dehumanizes them, reflecting Wright's exploration of existential themes.
4. Native Son brought attention to the realities of urban poverty and systemic racism, helping to elevate discussions about race in America during its time and beyond.
5. The book's impact led to its inclusion in academic discussions about race, identity, and literature, solidifying Wright's place as a foundational figure in American literature.

Review Questions

• How does Richard Wright use the character of Bigger Thomas to illustrate the effects of systemic racism in Native Son?
  • Richard Wright uses Bigger Thomas as a representation of how systemic racism shapes individual identity and choices. Through Bigger's experiences with poverty, fear, and hopelessness, the novel shows how societal structures confine him to a life of desperation. His actions throughout the story highlight the psychological effects of living in an oppressive environment and serve as a critique of the racial injustices prevalent in America.
• Discuss how Native Son fits within the literary movement of Social Realism and its portrayal of marginalized communities.
  • Native Son fits firmly within the Social Realism movement as it presents an unvarnished view of the struggles faced by African Americans living in urban environments. Wright's narrative exposes harsh realities such as poverty, racial discrimination, and societal neglect. By focusing on Bigger's life experiences, Wright not only represents the challenges of marginalized communities but also urges readers to confront uncomfortable truths about race relations in America.
• Evaluate the lasting impact of Native Son on American literature and its relevance to contemporary discussions about race and identity.
  • Native Son has left an indelible mark on American literature by challenging readers to confront systemic racism and the complexities of identity. Its exploration of Bigger Thomas's psyche remains relevant today as it resonates with ongoing discussions surrounding racial inequality and social justice. The novel continues to be a crucial reference point in literature courses, shaping the way new generations understand the intersections of race, class, and personal agency within society.

Related terms

Richard Wright:

An influential African American author known for his works that address race, identity, and social justice, including Native Son and Black Boy.

Social Realism:

A literary movement that aims to represent everyday life and societal issues accurately, often focusing on the struggles of marginalized groups.

The Chicago Renaissance: A cultural movement during the early 20th century that highlighted African American art, literature, and music in Chicago, influencing writers like Richard Wright.