Great Migration

Definition

The Great Migration refers to the mass movement of African Americans from the rural South to urban areas in the North and West during the early to mid-20th century, particularly from 1916 to 1970. This migration significantly influenced African American culture, social dynamics, and political power in the United States.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Great Migration was driven by factors such as the search for better job opportunities, escape from racial violence, and the desire for a better quality of life.
2. This migration led to significant demographic changes in cities like Chicago, Detroit, and New York, where large African American communities were established.
3. The Great Migration had a profound impact on the Harlem Renaissance, as many artists, writers, and musicians moved north, bringing their cultural expressions with them.
4. During this period, African Americans also gained greater political power in northern cities, leading to increased civil rights activism.
5. The migration contributed to the development of a new urban identity for African Americans, as they navigated the challenges of life in northern cities while preserving their cultural heritage.

Review Questions

• How did the Great Migration influence the cultural landscape of African American literature and art during the early 20th century?
  • The Great Migration played a crucial role in shaping the cultural landscape of African American literature and art as it brought together a diverse group of artists and intellectuals in urban centers like Harlem. This influx led to a vibrant cultural renaissance, fostering collaborations and new forms of expression. The experiences and struggles of those who migrated became central themes in their works, highlighting issues such as identity, resilience, and the quest for equality.
• In what ways did the Great Migration impact political dynamics within African American communities in northern cities?
  • The Great Migration significantly altered the political landscape for African Americans in northern cities by increasing their population and influence. As more African Americans settled in urban areas, they began to organize politically, advocating for civil rights and social justice. This newfound political power helped pave the way for key civil rights movements later on, as migrants sought to address issues such as discrimination, housing inequality, and voting rights.
• Evaluate the long-term effects of the Great Migration on contemporary African American culture and identity.
  • The long-term effects of the Great Migration on contemporary African American culture and identity are profound. It laid the groundwork for a more unified African American experience shaped by urban life and collective struggles against racism. The cultural contributions from this era continue to resonate today through music, literature, and art, influencing genres like jazz and hip-hop. Moreover, it set a precedent for future migrations and movements advocating for social justice within various communities across America.

Related terms

Harlem Renaissance:

A cultural, social, and artistic explosion among African Americans centered in Harlem during the 1920s, characterized by a flourishing of literature, music, and art.

Jim Crow Laws:

State and local laws that enforced racial segregation and discrimination against African Americans in the Southern United States after Reconstruction.

Urbanization: The process by which rural populations migrate to urban areas, leading to increased population density and the growth of cities.