key term - Democratic backsliding

Definition

Democratic backsliding refers to the gradual decline in the quality of democracy, where established democratic norms and practices erode, leading to authoritarianism or a weakened rule of law. This process often involves the undermining of institutions, suppression of dissent, and the curtailment of civil liberties, contributing to political instability and challenges to governance.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Democratic backsliding can be initiated by elected leaders who exploit legal frameworks to consolidate power while appearing legitimate.
2. It often occurs in countries with previously established democratic institutions that face crises, such as economic downturns or social unrest.
3. Key indicators of democratic backsliding include increased censorship, attacks on the media, and judicial independence erosion.
4. International organizations often monitor democratic backsliding through indices measuring civil liberties, political rights, and institutional integrity.
5. In Africa, several nations have experienced democratic backsliding, particularly during periods of political unrest where military coups have disrupted governance.

Review Questions

• How does democratic backsliding impact political stability in a country?
  • Democratic backsliding undermines political stability by eroding trust in institutions and governance. When citizens perceive their leaders as illegitimate due to corrupt practices or suppression of dissent, social unrest can increase. This instability may lead to protests or violent conflicts as people push back against authoritarian measures, further jeopardizing the overall security and order within the nation.
• In what ways can electoral manipulation contribute to democratic backsliding?
  • Electoral manipulation can significantly contribute to democratic backsliding by creating an illusion of legitimacy while undermining the electoral process. When elections are rigged or marred by intimidation, citizens lose faith in democracy as a means for change. This not only weakens public trust in governmental institutions but also paves the way for leaders to justify autocratic measures under the guise of maintaining order and stability.
• Evaluate the long-term consequences of democratic backsliding on civil society and governance structures in affected countries.
  • The long-term consequences of democratic backsliding on civil society and governance structures can be severe. As democratic norms erode, civil society organizations often face increased restrictions and pressures, limiting their ability to advocate for rights and accountability. This deterioration results in weakened governance structures that lack transparency and responsiveness. Ultimately, these trends foster a culture of impunity where abuses go unchecked, leading to persistent cycles of corruption and disenfranchisement among citizens.

Related terms

Authoritarianism: A political system characterized by the concentration of power in a leader or an elite not accountable to the public, often involving limited political freedoms and repression.

Electoral Manipulation: The use of illegal or unethical practices to influence election outcomes, undermining the fairness and integrity of electoral processes.

Civil Society: The aggregate of non-governmental organizations and institutions that manifest interests and will of citizens, playing a crucial role in promoting democratic governance.