Theoretical sampling

Definition

Theoretical sampling is a purposeful method of data collection in qualitative research, where researchers select participants based on their relevance to the evolving theory being developed. This approach allows researchers to gather information that directly contributes to the refinement and expansion of their theoretical frameworks, focusing on individuals who can provide insights into specific concepts or categories that emerge during the research process.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Theoretical sampling is an iterative process, meaning researchers continually adjust their sampling strategy based on the data collected and emerging theories.
2. This method emphasizes depth over breadth, allowing researchers to focus on participants who can provide rich, detailed insights into the phenomenon being studied.
3. Theoretical sampling is not about random selection; it's about strategically choosing individuals who will enhance understanding of specific theoretical concepts.
4. As the study progresses, researchers may shift their focus to different groups or contexts to further refine their theories.
5. The process of theoretical sampling can lead to unexpected findings that challenge initial assumptions and contribute to theory development.

Review Questions

• How does theoretical sampling differ from traditional sampling methods in qualitative research?
  • Theoretical sampling differs from traditional sampling methods by focusing on selecting participants based on their relevance to developing theories rather than aiming for representativeness. In traditional sampling, researchers may randomly choose subjects to gather generalizable data. In contrast, theoretical sampling is a dynamic process where researchers continually adapt their participant selection to deepen their understanding of specific concepts that emerge during the study.
• In what ways does theoretical sampling enhance the grounded theory approach in qualitative research?
  • Theoretical sampling enhances grounded theory by ensuring that the data collected directly informs and shapes the emerging theory. This method allows researchers to gather targeted insights from participants who have experiences or perspectives relevant to the concepts being developed. By adapting participant selection throughout the research process, theoretical sampling helps refine and expand theoretical frameworks, making them more robust and contextually grounded.
• Evaluate the significance of using theoretical sampling in addressing complex social phenomena and its impact on theory development.
  • Using theoretical sampling is significant for addressing complex social phenomena as it provides a nuanced understanding of specific contexts and experiences. This method allows researchers to hone in on particular aspects of a phenomenon that are pivotal for theory development. By selecting participants who offer critical insights, theoretical sampling can lead to richer data and a more comprehensive theoretical framework that captures the intricacies of human behavior and social interactions. Ultimately, this targeted approach can challenge existing theories and prompt new perspectives within the field.

Related terms

Grounded theory: A systematic methodology in qualitative research that involves constructing theories through the collection and analysis of data.

Purposive sampling: A non-probability sampling technique where participants are selected based on specific characteristics or criteria relevant to the research objectives.

Data saturation: The point in qualitative research when no new information is being discovered, indicating that data collection can be concluded.