Restoration

Definition

Restoration refers to the period in English history that marked the return of Charles II to the throne in 1660, following a time of civil war and the rule of Oliver Cromwell. This era is characterized by a renewed interest in art, culture, and literature, with a shift back towards the styles and themes of the previous monarchy. The Restoration period also paved the way for significant developments in various literary forms, particularly drama and poetry, leading to a cultural renaissance.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Restoration led to a flourishing of English drama, with playwrights like John Dryden and Aphra Behn gaining prominence.
2. Women were allowed to perform on stage for the first time during this period, significantly changing the dynamics of theater.
3. The rise of satire became prominent during the Restoration, with works critiquing society and politics through humor and irony.
4. Restoration literature often reflected themes of love, courtship, and social manners, as seen in both poetry and plays.
5. The Royal Society was established during this time, promoting scientific inquiry and discovery alongside literary advancements.

Review Questions

• How did the Restoration period influence the themes and styles in English drama?
  • The Restoration period had a profound impact on English drama by introducing new themes centered around love, social manners, and satire. Playwrights began experimenting with complex characters and intricate plots, moving away from earlier moralistic plays. The reopening of theaters after years of closure during the Cromwellian Era allowed for vibrant performances that reflected contemporary society, creating a rich landscape for both comedy and tragedy.
• Evaluate the significance of women performing on stage during the Restoration period in shaping societal views.
  • The inclusion of women in theatrical performances during the Restoration was groundbreaking, challenging existing norms about gender roles in society. It provided women with opportunities to express themselves artistically and become visible figures in public life. This shift not only altered perceptions of women's capabilities but also influenced literary portrayals of female characters in plays and poetry, reflecting evolving societal attitudes towards gender equality.
• Assess how Restoration literature reflects the broader cultural changes occurring in England during this time.
  • Restoration literature mirrors the significant cultural changes taking place in England as it transitioned from civil strife to a renewed monarchy. The emphasis on reason and order seen in neoclassical works indicates a desire for stability after chaos. Additionally, the exploration of social dynamics through satire highlights growing public discourse on politics and morality. This era marked a cultural renaissance where literature became not only a reflection of society but also a means to critique it, illustrating the complexities of human behavior against a backdrop of historical change.

Related terms

Cromwellian Era: The period during which Oliver Cromwell ruled England as Lord Protector, marked by Puritan moral codes and the suppression of theatrical performances.

Theater: A central aspect of Restoration culture, where plays became more popular and accessible, reflecting the social and political dynamics of the time.

Neoclassicism: An artistic and literary movement inspired by classical antiquity, emphasizing reason, order, and adherence to established rules, which gained prominence during the Restoration.