American Exceptionalism

Definition

American exceptionalism is the belief that the United States is inherently different from other nations, often due to its unique historical development, democratic principles, and the idea of a 'city upon a hill.' This concept suggests that America has a special role to play in the world, promoting democracy and freedom while also influencing cultural and political norms globally. It has shaped national identity and justification for actions both domestically and internationally.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. American exceptionalism emerged prominently during the early 19th century, gaining traction as a justification for expansion and influence abroad.
2. The concept is rooted in the Puritan belief that America was destined for greatness, shaping a moral narrative around the nation’s role in global affairs.
3. Critics argue that American exceptionalism can lead to a disregard for international norms and an overly simplistic view of U.S. foreign policy.
4. Key figures such as Alexis de Tocqueville analyzed American society and governance, contributing to the discourse surrounding this notion during the 19th century.
5. The term has evolved over time, influencing discussions around nationalism, immigration, and America's responsibilities on the world stage.

Review Questions

• How has the concept of American exceptionalism influenced U.S. foreign policy decisions in the 19th century?
  • American exceptionalism greatly influenced U.S. foreign policy by fostering a belief in the nation's moral obligation to spread democracy and freedom worldwide. This ideology led to actions like westward expansion under manifest destiny, where Americans believed it was their divine right to extend their territory. Such views justified interventions in other nations' affairs, with the conviction that America had a unique role in shaping global politics.
• Discuss how American exceptionalism is rooted in historical narratives from early American settlers and Puritan ideals.
  • American exceptionalism is deeply rooted in historical narratives from early settlers who viewed themselves as chosen by God to establish a new society. The Puritans' vision of America as a 'city upon a hill' highlighted their belief in creating a model community based on religious freedom and democratic values. These foundational ideals set a precedent for future generations to view America as distinct and superior compared to other nations.
• Evaluate the impact of American exceptionalism on contemporary debates regarding U.S. immigration policies and national identity.
  • Contemporary debates about U.S. immigration policies and national identity are significantly shaped by the notion of American exceptionalism. Advocates argue that America's unique values warrant a more open immigration system, emphasizing inclusivity and diversity as part of its exceptional nature. Conversely, critics may leverage this idea to argue against immigration, claiming it undermines traditional American values. This tension reflects broader discussions about what it means to be American and how exceptionalism influences current societal dynamics.

Related terms

Manifest Destiny: The 19th-century doctrine that it was the divine right of the United States to expand its territory across North America.

Puritanism: A religious reform movement in the late 16th and 17th centuries that aimed to purify the Church of England, deeply influencing American values and identity.

Exceptionalism: The idea that a certain nation or society is distinct from others due to specific characteristics or historical experiences, often used in political discourse.