1. What problems within the Roman Catholic Church created conditions for the Reformation?

2. How did John Wycliffe and Jan Hus challenge Catholic doctrine before Martin Luther?

3. What were Martin Luther's main objections to Church practices and what theological principle did he advocate?

4. How did Luther's ideas affect women's roles and literacy in Protestant communities?

5. What were the key beliefs and practices of Calvinism and how did it spread?

6. Why did King Henry VIII break with the Roman Catholic Church and establish the Church of England?

1. How did Peter the Great assert control over the Orthodox Church and what were the consequences of his reforms?

1. What three strategies did the Roman Catholic Church use to combat the spread of Protestantism?

2. What were the goals and accomplishments of the Council of Trent?

3. How did the Counter-Reformation affect the religious composition of European colonies?

4. What was Philip II's role in the Catholic crusade and what was the outcome of his attempt to conquer England?

1. How did the Peace of Augsburg attempt to resolve religious conflict in the Holy Roman Empire?

2. What was the Edict of Nantes and how did it affect religious toleration in France?

3. What were the causes and major consequences of the Thirty Years' War?

4. How did the Peace of Westphalia change the religious and political structure of the Holy Roman Empire?

5. How did the Thirty Years' War affect the development of Prussia as a European power?

1. How did the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople change the religion and legal system of the region?

2. How did Shah Ismail use Shi'a Islam to build and legitimize Safavid power?

3. What was Akbar's approach to religious toleration and how did it affect the Mughal Empire?

4. What was Sikhism and how did it develop from existing religious traditions?

5. What was Din-i Ilahi and why did Akbar's attempt to promote it ultimately fail?

1. How did scientific thinking differ from religious thinking during the period of religious schisms?

2. What was empiricism and how did Francis Bacon's scientific method challenge traditional ideas?

3. How did Isaac Newton's work on gravitational force influence intellectual thought about society and government?