1. What are the three main functions that all urban models share?

1. What are the three basic zones found in urban areas around the world?

1. What is the central business district and why is it typically located near the city center?

2. How does bid-rent theory explain land use patterns in the CBD?

3. How do CBDs in the United States and Canada differ from CBDs in Europe?

1. Why are industrial zones typically separated from residential areas?

2. What is a commensal relationship and how does it influence business location decisions?

1. What characteristics typically distinguish residential zones from one another?

1. What are the three classic models of North American urban structure and why was Chicago a good place to study them?

1. How does the concentric zone model describe the arrangement of land use around the CBD?

2. How do housing quality and population density change as distance from the CBD increases in the concentric zone model?

1. How does Hoyt's sector model differ from the concentric zone model in describing urban land use?

2. How are high-income and low-income residential sectors located in relation to industrial zones in the sector model?

1. What is the multiple-nuclei model and how does it differ from earlier urban models?

2. What is the peripheral model and how does it relate to suburban development?

1. What is the galactic city model and what factors led to its development?

2. How do edge cities function within the galactic city model and what consequences did they have for inner cities?

1. What is the key characteristic shared by all world-regional urban models?

1. How did medieval city walls and slow growth affect the structure of modern European cities?

2. How do European CBDs differ from North American CBDs in terms of building height, residential population, and commercial diversity?

3. How do European suburbs differ from North American suburbs in terms of building types and population density?

1. What are the key physical features of Islamic cities and what role does the mosque play?

2. What are suqs and how are they organized spatially within Islamic cities?

3. How do residential neighborhoods in Islamic cities reflect cultural values regarding privacy and climate?

1. What is the Griffin-Ford model and how does it describe the structure of Latin American cities?

2. How does the quality of housing and access to services change with distance from the center in Latin American cities?

3. What are favelas and what characteristics define them?

1. How did European colonization shape the structure of African cities?

2. What are the key differences between the traditional CBD and the colonial CBD in African cities?

3. What is the informal economy zone and how does it differ from the formal economy?

4. What are squatter settlements and what challenges do they face?

1. What is the McGee model and what are its key features?

2. How has Chinese immigration influenced the structure of Southeast Asian cities?

1. What are zoning ordinances and what are the three general categories of zoning?

2. How can zoning ordinances both create diverse neighborhoods and limit diversity?

1. What is the residential density gradient and how does it change with distance from the CBD?

2. What are McMansions and what do they reveal about suburban housing trends?

1. What is filtering and how does it create a ripple effect through neighborhoods?

2. What is invasion and succession and how does it relate to changing ethnic enclaves?

3. What are gated communities and what purposes do they serve?

4. What is urban infill and how does it address urban sprawl?

1. What types of businesses have moved to suburbs and what are the consequences for cities?

1. How does the residential density gradient in European cities differ from that in North American cities?

2. How do residential patterns in Latin American cities combine features of both North American and European models?

1. What is a municipality and what is the role of municipal government?

2. What is annexation and what is incorporation, and why might residents choose incorporation?

3. What are unincorporated areas and what services do they typically receive?

1. How does economic wealth affect a city's ability to develop and maintain infrastructure?

2. What infrastructure challenges does Lagos face compared to Frankfurt?

1. What are smart-growth policies and how do they relate to infrastructure development?

2. How can improvements in infrastructure affect living conditions and social development?

1. What challenges does urban transportation face and what problems does automobile use create?

1. What is public transportation and what are the advantages of well-developed mass transit systems?

2. How do public transportation systems in the United States compare to those in other regions?

3. What challenges do public transportation systems face in terms of funding and ridership?

1. How do cities use data about traffic patterns to improve transportation efficiency?

2. What role do traffic signals and real-time monitoring play in managing urban traffic?