Organelles

Definition

Organelles are specialized structures within a cell that perform distinct processes. They are essential for various cellular functions in eukaryotic cells.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Mitochondria are organelles known as the powerhouse of the cell, responsible for energy production through ATP.
2. The nucleus houses genetic material and controls cellular activities by regulating gene expression.
3. Ribosomes, found either floating freely or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum, are responsible for protein synthesis.
4. Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris.
5. Chloroplasts, found in plant cells, are responsible for photosynthesis and converting light energy into chemical energy.

Review Questions

Related terms

Mitochondria: Organelles that generate most of the cell's supply of ATP used as a source of chemical energy.

Nucleus: A membrane-bound organelle that contains the cell's chromosomes and regulates gene expression.

Ribosome: A molecular machine within the cell that synthesizes proteins by translating mRNA.