Negative regulators

Definition

Negative regulators are molecules that inhibit gene expression by decreasing the rate of transcription. They play a crucial role in controlling the activity of genes and maintaining cellular functions.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Negative regulators can bind to DNA sequences called operators, blocking RNA polymerase and preventing transcription.
2. Examples of negative regulators include repressor proteins such as the LacI protein in E. coli.
3. The presence or absence of specific small molecules (inducers or co-repressors) can alter the activity of negative regulators.
4. Negative feedback loops often involve negative regulators to maintain homeostasis within a cell.
5. Mutations in genes encoding negative regulators can lead to uncontrolled gene expression and may result in diseases.

Related terms

Repressor Protein: A type of protein that binds to specific DNA sequences to inhibit transcription.

Operator:

A DNA sequence where repressor proteins bind to regulate gene expression.

Inducer:

A molecule that binds to a repressor protein, causing it to change shape and release from the operator, thus allowing transcription.