Karyotype

Definition

A karyotype is the complete set of chromosomes in an organism, displayed in a systematic arrangement. It is used to detect chromosomal abnormalities and to study genetic disorders.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. A typical human karyotype contains 46 chromosomes, arranged in 23 pairs.
2. Karyotyping can reveal the presence of extra or missing chromosomes, which are indicative of conditions like Down syndrome or Turner syndrome.
3. The process involves staining and photographing chromosomes during metaphase when they are most condensed and visible.
4. Chromosomes are classified into groups based on their size, shape, and banding patterns for easier identification.
5. Karyotype analysis requires cells that are actively dividing, commonly obtained from blood samples or amniotic fluid.

Review Questions

Related terms

chromosome:

A structure made of DNA and proteins that contains genes.

Down syndrome:

A genetic disorder caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 21.

metaphase: A stage in cell division where chromosomes align at the cell's equatorial plate and are most condensed.