Homologous

Definition

Homologous chromosomes are pairs of chromosomes that have the same structure and carry genes for the same traits at the same loci. They pair up during meiosis in cell division.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Humans have 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes, totaling 46.
2. Homologous chromosomes undergo synapsis and crossing over during prophase I of meiosis.
3. These chromosome pairs are inherited, one from each parent.
4. Homologous chromosomes are crucial for genetic diversity through recombination.
5. During metaphase I of meiosis, homologous chromosomes align at the cell's equatorial plane.

Related terms

Chromatid: Each half of a duplicated chromosome, joined by a single centromere before cell division

Centromere:

The region where two sister chromatids are joined together on a chromosome

Synapsis: The pairing process of homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis