Fight-or-flight response: This term refers to the body's automatic physiological reaction to a perceived threat or danger, preparing the individual for either fighting against it or fleeing from it.
General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS):GAS is a three-stage model that describes the body's response to stress as alarm (initial reaction), resistance (adaptation), and exhaustion (depletion of resources).
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis: The HPA axis involves interactions between the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and adrenal glands. It plays a key role in regulating stress responses by releasing hormones like cortisol.