Pass-by-value:Pass-by-value is a concept where a copy of a variable's value is passed to a method or function. Any modifications made to the parameter inside the method do not affect the original variable.
ArrayList<Integer>:An ArrayList<Integer> is a dynamic data structure that stores a collection of integers. It provides methods for adding, removing, and modifying elements similar to an array, but with additional flexibility and functionality.
Indexing: Indexing refers to accessing individual elements within an array or list by their position or index number. It allows you to retrieve or modify specific values based on their location in the data structure.